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Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime
HAROLD G. GRASMICK
CHARLES R. TITTLE
ROBERT J. BURSIK, Jr.
BRUCE J. ARNEKLEV
In A General Theory of Crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi propose that low self-control, in interaction with criminal opportunity, is the major cause of crime. The research reported in this article attempts to test this argument while closely following the nominal definitions presented by Gottfredson and Hirschi. A factor analysis of items designed to measure low self-control is consistent with their contention that the trait is unidimensional. Further, the proposed interaction effect is found for self-reported acts of both fraud and force (their definition of crime). Inconsistent with the theory are (a) the finding that criminal opportunity has a significant main effect, beyond its interaction with low self-control, on self-reported crime and (b) the substantial proportion of variance in crime left unexplained by the theoretical variables. Suggestions are offered for modifying and expanding the theory.
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 30, No. 1,
5-29 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/0022427893030001002
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Self-Control, Accidents, and Crime
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December 1, 1999;
26(4):
485 - 501.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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F.-A. Esbensen, M. H. Miller, T. Taylor, N. He, and A. Freng
Differential Attrition Rates and Active Parental Consent
Eval Rev,
June 1, 1999;
23(3):
316 - 335.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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F.-A. ESBENSEN and D. W. OSGOOD
Gang Resistance Education and Training (Great): Results from the National Evaluation
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
May 1, 1999;
36(2):
194 - 225.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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V. S. BURTON JR., F. T. CULLEN, T. D. EVANS, L. F. ALARID, and R. G. DUNAWAY
Gender, Self-Control, and Crime
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
May 1, 1998;
35(2):
123 - 147.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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D. LONGSHORE and S. TURNER
Self-Control and Criminal Opportunity: Cross-Sectional Test of the General Theory of Crime
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
March 1, 1998;
25(1):
81 - 98.
[Abstract]
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J. J. GIBBS, D. GIEVER, and J. S. MARTIN
Parental Management and Self-Control: An Empirical Test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
February 1, 1998;
35(1):
40 - 70.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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G. LOEWENSTEIN, D. NAGIN, and R. PATERNOSTER
The Effect of Sexual Arousal on Expectations of Sexual Forcefulness
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
November 1, 1997;
34(4):
443 - 473.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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S. G. TIBBETTS
Shame and Rational Choice in Offending Decisions
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
June 1, 1997;
24(2):
234 - 255.
[Abstract]
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J. P. Wright, F. T. Cullen, and N. Williams
Working While in School and Delinquent Involvement: Implications for Social Policy
Crime Delinquency,
April 1, 1997;
43(2):
203 - 221.
[Abstract]
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L. T. Winfree JR, F.-A. Esbensen, and D. W. Osgood
Evaluating a School-Based Gang-Prevention Program: A Theoretical Perspective
Eval Rev,
April 1, 1996;
20(2):
181 - 203.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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R. AGNEW
Testing the Leading Crime Theories: An Alternative Strategy Focusing on Motivational Processes
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
November 1, 1995;
32(4):
363 - 398.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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J. K. COCHRAN, P. B. WOOD, and B. J. ARNEKLEV
Is the Religiosity-Delinquency Relationship Spurious? A Test of Arousal and Social Control Theories
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
February 1, 1994;
31(1):
92 - 123.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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T. HIRSCHI and M. GOTTFREDSON
Commentary: Testing the General Theory of Crime
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
February 1, 1993;
30(1):
47 - 54.
[PDF]
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