|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Defiance, Deterrence, and Irrelevance: A Theory of the Criminal Sanction
LAWRENCE W. SHERMAN
Increasing evidence shows great diversity in the effects of the criminal sanction. Legal punishment either reduces, increases, or has no effect on future crimes, depending on the type of offenders, offenses, social settings, and levels of analysis. A theory of "defiance" helps explain the conditions under which punishment increases crime. Procedural justice (fairness or legitimacy) of experienced punishment is essential for the acknowledgment of shame, which conditions deterrence; punishment perceived as unjust can lead to unacknowledged shame and defiant pride that increases future crime. Both "specific" defiance by individuals and "general" defiance by collectivities results from punishment perceived as unfair or excessive, unless deterrent effects counterbalance defiance and render the net effect of sanctions irrelevant. By implication, crime might be reduced more by police and courts treating all citizens with fairness and respect than by increasing punishments. A variety of research designs can be used to test, refine, or reject the theory.
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 30, No. 4,
445-473 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/0022427893030004006
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
J. Tankebe
Public Confidence in the Police: Testing the Effects of Public Experiences of Police Corruption in Ghana
Br. J. Criminol.,
March 1, 2010;
50(2):
296 - 319.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W. Martin, J. D. McCarthy, and C. McPhail
Why Targets Matter: Toward a More Inclusive Model of Collective Violence
American Sociological Review,
October 1, 2009;
74(5):
821 - 841.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Hirschfield
Another Way Out: The Impact of Juvenile Arrests on High School Dropout
Sociology of Education,
October 1, 2009;
82(4):
368 - 393.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Robinson and F. McNeill
Exploring the dynamics of compliance with community penalties
Theoretical Criminology,
November 1, 2008;
12(4):
431 - 449.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Matthews and R. Agnew
Extending Deterrence Theory: Do Delinquent Peers Condition the Relationship between Perceptions of Getting Caught and Offending?
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
May 1, 2008;
45(2):
91 - 118.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Robinson and J. Shapland
Reducing Recidivism: A Task for Restorative Justice?
Br. J. Criminol.,
May 1, 2008;
48(3):
337 - 358.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. P. LeBel, R. Burnett, S. Maruna, and S. Bushway
The `Chicken and Egg' of Subjective and Social Factors in Desistance from Crime
European Journal of Criminology,
April 1, 2008;
5(2):
131 - 159.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. N. Brannon, J. S. Levenson, T. Fortney, and J. N. Baker
Attitudes About Community Notification: A Comparison of Sexual Offenders and the Non-offending Public
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,
December 1, 2007;
19(4):
369 - 379.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Miller, H. V. Miller, and J. C. Barnes
The Effect of Demeanor on Drug Court Admission
Criminal Justice Policy Review,
September 1, 2007;
18(3):
246 - 259.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Tewksbury and M. B. Lees
Perceptions of Punishment: How Registered Sex Offenders View Registries
Crime Delinquency,
July 1, 2007;
53(3):
380 - 407.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Caldwell, D. J. McCormick, D. Umstead, and G. J. Van Rybroek
Evidence of Treatment Progress and Therapeutic Outcomes Among Adolescents With Psychopathic Features
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
May 1, 2007;
34(5):
573 - 587.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Caldwell, J. Skeem, R. Salekin, and G. Van Rybroek
Treatment Response of Adolescent Offenders With Psychopathy Features: A 2-Year Follow-Up
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
October 1, 2006;
33(5):
571 - 596.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. K. Cheliotis
Demystifying risk management: A process evaluation of the prisoners' home leave scheme in Greece
JCriminology and Criminal Justice,
May 1, 2006;
6(2):
163 - 195.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Caldwell, M. Vitacco, and G. J. Van Rybroek
Are Violent Delinquents Worth Treating? A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
May 1, 2006;
43(2):
148 - 168.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Gray and M. A. Wilson
Understanding the 'War on Terrorism': Responses to 11 September 2001
Journal of Peace Research,
January 1, 2006;
43(1):
23 - 36.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. V. Botchkovar and C. R. Tittle
Crime, shame and reintegration in Russia
Theoretical Criminology,
November 1, 2005;
9(4):
401 - 442.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Goldsmith
Police reform and the problem of trust
Theoretical Criminology,
November 1, 2005;
9(4):
443 - 470.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Sampson and J. H. Laub
A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime
The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
November 1, 2005;
602(1):
12 - 45.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Lauritsen
Explaining Patterns of Offending across the Life Course: Comments on Interactional Theory and Recent Tests Based on the RYDS-RIS Data
The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
November 1, 2005;
602(1):
212 - 228.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Belvedere, J. L. Worrall, and S. G. Tibbetts
Explaining Suspect Resistance in Police-Citizen Encounters
Criminal Justice Review,
May 1, 2005;
30(1):
30 - 44.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Unnever, M. Colvin, and F. T. Cullen
Crime and Coercion: A Test of Core Theoretical Propositions
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
August 1, 2004;
41(3):
244 - 268.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Ahmed and V. Braithwaite
"What, Me Ashamed?" Shame Management and School Bullying
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
August 1, 2004;
41(3):
269 - 294.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Jacobs
A Typology of Street Criminal Retaliation
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
August 1, 2004;
41(3):
295 - 323.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Harris, L. Walgrave, and J. Braithwaite
Emotional Dynamics in Restorative Conferences
Theoretical Criminology,
May 1, 2004;
8(2):
191 - 210.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. R. Tyler
Enhancing Police Legitimacy
The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
May 1, 2004;
593(1):
84 - 99.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. W. Sherman and H. Strang
Verdicts or Inventions?: Interpreting Results from Randomized Controlled Experiments in Criminology
American Behavioral Scientist,
January 1, 2004;
47(5):
575 - 607.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Triplett, R. R. Gainey, and I. Y. Sun
Institutional Strength, Social Control and Neighborhood Crime Rates
Theoretical Criminology,
November 1, 2003;
7(4):
439 - 467.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Miller
An Arresting Experiment: Domestic Violence Victim Experiences and Perceptions
J Interpers Violence,
July 1, 2003;
18(7):
695 - 716.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Wakefield and G Giovino
Teen penalties for tobacco possession, use, and purchase: evidence and issues
Tob. Control,
June 1, 2003;
12(90001):
i6 - 13.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Redding
The Effects Of Adjudicating And Sentencing Juveniles As Adults: Research and Policy Implications
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice,
April 1, 2003;
1(2):
128 - 155.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Mears
A Critique Of Waiver Research: Critical Next Steps in Assessing the Impacts of Laws for Transferring Juveniles to the Criminal Justice System
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice,
April 1, 2003;
1(2):
156 - 172.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Braithwaite
What's wrong with the sociology of punishment?
Theoretical Criminology,
February 1, 2003;
7(1):
5 - 28.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Pogarsky and A. R. Piquero
Can Punishment Encourage Offending? Investigating The "resetting" Effect
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
February 1, 2003;
40(1):
95 - 120.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Myers
The Recidivism of Violent Youths in Juvenile and Adult Court: A Consideration of Selection Bias
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice,
January 1, 2003;
1(1):
79 - 101.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Scheff, E. A. Stanko, C. Wouters, and J. Katz
How Emotions Work
Theoretical Criminology,
August 1, 2002;
6(3):
361 - 380.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Piquero and G. Pogarsky
Beyond Stafford and Warr's Reconceptualization of Deterrence: Personal and Vicarious Experiences, Impulsivity, and Offending Behavior
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
May 1, 2002;
39(2):
153 - 186.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. KIVETT and C. A. B. WARREN
Social Control in a Group Home for Delinquent Boys
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography,
February 1, 2002;
31(1):
3 - 32.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Gladden
Chapter 6:Reducing School Violence: Strengthening Student Programs and Addressing the Role of School Organizations
Review of Research in Education,
January 1, 2002;
26(1):
263 - 299.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. BRAITHWAITE
Restorative Justice and a New Criminal Law of Substance Abuse
Youth Society,
December 1, 2001;
33(2):
227 - 248.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. AGNEW
Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
November 1, 2001;
38(4):
319 - 361.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Caldwell and G. J. Van Rybroek
Efficacy of a Decompression Treatment Model in the Clinical Management of Violent Juvenile Offenders
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol,
August 1, 2001;
45(4):
469 - 477.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. HAY
An Exploratory Test of Braithwaite's Reintegrative Shaming Theory
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
May 1, 2001;
38(2):
132 - 153.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. W. Sherman
Reducing Incarceration Rates: The Promise of Experimental Criminology
Crime Delinquency,
July 1, 2000;
46(3):
299 - 314.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. MYERS
Toward Theoretical Integration
Theoretical Criminology,
May 1, 2000;
4(2):
222 - 225.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Gainey and B. K. Payne
Understanding the Experience of House Arrest with Electronic Monitoring: An Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol,
February 1, 2000;
44(1):
84 - 96.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Mccluskey, S. D. Mastrofski, and R. B. Parks
To Acquiesce or Rebel: Predicting Citizen Compliance with Police Requests
Police Quarterly,
December 1, 1999;
2(4):
389 - 416.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Presser and E. Gunnison
Strange Bedfellows: Is Sex Offender Notification a Form of Community Justice?
Crime Delinquency,
July 1, 1999;
45(3):
299 - 315.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. HAY
Parental Sanctions and Delinquent Behavior:: Toward Clarification of Braithwaite's Theory of Reintegrative Shaming
Theoretical Criminology,
November 1, 1998;
2(4):
419 - 443.
[Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Thistlethwaite, J. Wooldredge, and D. Gibbs
Severity of Dispositions and Domestic Violence Recidivism
Crime Delinquency,
July 1, 1998;
44(3):
388 - 398.
[Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. PIQUERO and R. PATERNOSTER
An Application of Stafford and Warr's Reconceptualization of Deterrence to Drinking and Driving
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
February 1, 1998;
35(1):
3 - 39.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. D. FOGLIA
Perceptual Deterrence and the Mediating Effect of Internalized Norms among Inner-City Teenagers
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
November 1, 1997;
34(4):
414 - 442.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Winner, L. Lanza-Kaduce, D. M. Bishop, and C. E. Frazier
The Transfer of Juveniles to Criminal Court: Reexamining Recidivism Over the Long Term
Crime Delinquency,
October 1, 1997;
43(4):
548 - 563.
[Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Parker
Converting the lawyers: the dynamics of competition and accountability reform
Journal of Sociology,
January 1, 1997;
33(1):
39 - 55.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. MASTROFSKI, J. B. SNIPES, and A. E. SUPINA
Compliance on Demand: The Public's Response to Specific Police Requests
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
August 1, 1996;
33(3):
269 - 305.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Bishop, C. E. Frazier, L. Lanza-Kaduce, and L. Winner
The Transfer of Juveniles to Criminal Court: Does it Make a Difference?
Crime Delinquency,
April 1, 1996;
42(2):
171 - 191.
[Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. PATERNOSTER and A. PIQUERO
Reconceptualizing Deterrence: An Empirical Test of Personal and Vicarious Experiences
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
August 1, 1995;
32(3):
251 - 286.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. T. CULLEN
Assessing the Penal Harm Movement
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
August 1, 1995;
32(3):
338 - 358.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. MAKKAI and J. BRAITHWAITE
The Dialectics of Corporate Deterrence
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,
November 1, 1994;
31(4):
347 - 373.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Buerger
A Tale of Two Targets: Limitations of Community Anticrime Actions
Crime Delinquency,
July 1, 1994;
40(3):
411 - 436.
[Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
